WEBVTT

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encapsulation and data-hiding.

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In this lesson, we will learn what is encapsulation and Python,

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how to use public, protected, and private attributes,

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how, getters, setters, and property decorators

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control data access, concept of encapsulation and data-hiding.

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In encapsulation simply means keeping data

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and the methods that work on that data together

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in one unit, usually a class.

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It's like packing your clothes and shoes neatly in a suitcase

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so everything stays organized.

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In Python, we use access modifiers to control

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who can see or change the data.

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Public data can be accessed by anyone.

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Protected data, written with one underscore attribute,

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should only be used inside the class or its child classes.

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Private data, written with two underscores attribute,

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is hidden from outside the class.

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Controllers to protect data.

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To control and protect our data, we use getters and setters.

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Getters allow us to safely read data.

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Setters allow us to safely change data,

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often with some checks to make sure the new value is valid.

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Python also gives us a shortcut, property decorators,

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so we can manage getters and setters in a cleaner way.

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Let's build a program to understand encapsulation in Python.

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We start with a class student,

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our blueprint for keeping data and methods together.

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Self.name is public, so anyone can access it.

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underscore grade is protected, meant for use inside the class or subclasses.

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Double underscore marks is private, hidden from outside.

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To read private marks, we use a getter method.

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To update them safely, we use a setter with a check,

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so values stay between 0 and 100.

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For grade, we use a property decorator,

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a cleaner way to control access with validation.

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Finally, we create a student, test the attributes,

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and see how encapsulation protects our data while keeping it organized.

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In encapsulation keeps data safe and organized by controlling how it's accessed or changed.

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With getters, setters, and property decorators,

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Python makes data protection both simple and powerful.