WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:06.640 Ever noticed, cars within car shade that opens automatically when the sunlight gets too 00:06.640 --> 00:10.880 strong, or curtains that close on their own. 00:10.880 --> 00:16.480 When the sunlight becomes too bright, keeping the room cool and comfortable, that's all 00:16.480 --> 00:20.560 possible thanks to light avoiding technology. 00:20.560 --> 00:21.560 Welcome! 00:21.560 --> 00:25.320 In this video, we'll build an Arduino light avoiding robot. 00:25.320 --> 00:28.160 Let's see how it's built. 00:28.160 --> 00:31.840 Let's start with the first and most important component of our project. 00:31.840 --> 00:34.240 The Arduino Uno Board. 00:34.240 --> 00:36.760 It is the brain of our project. 00:36.760 --> 00:41.280 Arduino is a microcontroller board that allows us to control and connect different electronic 00:41.280 --> 00:44.640 components like sensors, motors, etc. 00:44.640 --> 00:49.280 Our second component is the L298N motor driver. 00:49.280 --> 00:53.200 This component is used to control motors in our project. 00:53.200 --> 00:57.560 Our third component is two DC geared motors with two wheels. 00:57.560 --> 01:01.600 These motors are responsible for moving our robot. 01:01.600 --> 01:05.360 Our fourth component is the LDR sensor module. 01:05.360 --> 01:09.800 It helps the robot detect and follow the light. 01:09.800 --> 01:14.920 Our fifth component is the robot car chassis, along with other components used to mount 01:14.920 --> 01:21.440 parts like motors, the Arduino, battery, and sensors. 01:21.440 --> 01:25.960 There are several components are used like a battery to supply power, a rocker switch 01:26.080 --> 01:31.240 for control, and jumper wires to connect different parts of the robot. 01:31.240 --> 01:35.840 With all these components, along with some essential, we're going to build a light avoiding 01:35.840 --> 01:38.760 robot with Arduino. 01:38.760 --> 01:45.720 Let's understand the principles and real world applications of light avoiding robot car. 01:45.720 --> 01:51.280 The robot avoids light using its LDR sensors mounted at the front. 01:51.280 --> 01:55.920 Once light is detected, it begins to move, guided by the difference in light intensity 01:55.920 --> 01:59.200 between the left and right sensors. 01:59.200 --> 02:03.640 If the left sensor detects more light, the robot turns right, moving away from the light 02:03.640 --> 02:05.440 source. 02:05.440 --> 02:09.840 If the right sensor detects more light, it turns left. 02:09.840 --> 02:15.840 And if both sensors detect equal brightness, the robot either stops or reverses, avoiding 02:15.840 --> 02:18.520 moving toward the light. 02:18.520 --> 02:23.320 This continuous comparison helps the robot escape the brightest light, avoiding sources 02:23.320 --> 02:27.480 like flashlights or direct sunlight. 02:27.480 --> 02:33.000 The Arduino processes the sensor data in real time, adjusting motor speeds for smooth, 02:33.000 --> 02:38.680 responsive steering, ensuring the robot actively steers away from light even as brightness 02:38.680 --> 02:44.720 levels shift. 02:44.720 --> 02:50.080 Light avoiding technology is used in smart windows that automatically tint to block excess 02:50.080 --> 02:53.520 sunlight and save energy on air conditioning. 02:53.520 --> 02:59.000 It's also used in greenhouse automation systems, where shades or curtains adjust their position 02:59.000 --> 03:03.120 to protect plants from excessive light and heat. 03:03.120 --> 03:08.320 Let's explore the core components of a light avoiding robot and understand the science behind 03:08.320 --> 03:10.320 them. 03:10.320 --> 03:13.480 The Arduino Uno is the brain of the robot. 03:13.480 --> 03:17.520 It receives input from sensors and sends output to motors. 03:17.520 --> 03:21.600 The upload code to control how the robot behaves. 03:21.600 --> 03:28.800 Technically, the Arduino Uno is a development board based on the AT-Mega3-8P microcontroller. 03:28.800 --> 03:35.720 It includes digital and analog eye opens, a USB port for programming, a voltage regulator 03:35.720 --> 03:43.080 for stable 5 voltage power, a crystal oscillator for timing, and a reset button. 03:43.080 --> 03:50.280 It runs C and C++ code and controls sensors and motors in real time. 03:50.280 --> 03:56.240 This LDR sensor helps the robot detect light using changes in resistance, just like how automatic 03:56.240 --> 04:00.840 street lights turn on when it gets dark and turn off when it's bright. 04:00.840 --> 04:05.400 The LDR sensor responds to the brightness of surrounding light. 04:05.400 --> 04:11.480 As more light falls on it, the resistance decreases, allowing more current to flow. 04:11.480 --> 04:21.720 When there's less light, the resistance increases, and the current flows more slowly. 04:21.720 --> 04:26.640 The motor driver acts like a power manager between the Arduino and the motors. 04:26.640 --> 04:31.240 The Arduino sends control signals, but those signals aren't strong enough to run motors 04:31.240 --> 04:32.240 directly. 04:32.240 --> 04:38.400 So, the motor driver boosts the control signals and sends them to the DC motors. 04:38.400 --> 04:47.960 The L298N motor driver includes the main L298N IC, which controls motor direction and power. 04:47.960 --> 04:53.480 It has terminal blocks for motor and power connections, input pins for signals from the 04:53.480 --> 04:58.280 Arduino, and enable pins for speed control. 04:58.280 --> 05:05.480 A built-in heat sink prevents the chip from overheating during operation. 05:05.480 --> 05:08.680 Let's build our light avoiding robot car. 05:08.680 --> 05:13.480 Begin by assembling all the required components. 05:13.480 --> 05:18.400 We'll start by soldering wires to each of the motor terminals, one for positive and 05:18.400 --> 05:20.400 one for negative. 05:20.400 --> 05:27.680 Make sure the solder joints are strong and clean to avoid any loose connections during operation. 05:27.680 --> 05:32.960 Assemble the chassis by securely mounting DC motors in place, ensuring proper alignment 05:32.960 --> 05:36.640 for smooth movement of the robot. 05:36.640 --> 05:42.600 Then attach the third wheel to the chassis, using screws and brass spacers. 05:42.600 --> 05:48.960 Next, attach each wheel firmly to the shaft of the DC motors. 05:48.960 --> 05:53.480 Use screws or double-sided tape to securely attach the motor driver. 05:53.480 --> 05:58.760 Carefully mount the L298N motor driver onto the chassis. 05:58.760 --> 06:05.520 Use a flat and central spot on the chassis to keep the wiring neat and balanced. 06:05.520 --> 06:10.600 Since we're using two motors, we'll connect one motor to each motor channel on the driver. 06:10.600 --> 06:14.680 Refer the circuit diagram and chart for connections. 06:14.680 --> 06:18.440 Now it's time to mount the Arduino board onto the chassis. 06:18.440 --> 06:25.080 Choose a central or rear area of the chassis where the board is safe and accessible for wiring. 06:25.080 --> 06:32.280 Now connect the Arduino to the L298N motor driver by wiring the control pins. 06:32.280 --> 06:38.000 Connect ENA to digital pin 5 on the Arduino to enable speed control for the left motor. 06:38.000 --> 06:45.600 Then connect IN1 and IN2 to pins D6 and D7 to control the direction of the left motor. 06:45.600 --> 06:52.880 Next, connect IN3 and IN4 to pins D8 and D9 for the right motor's direction. 06:52.880 --> 06:57.880 Finally, connect INB to pin D10 to control the speed of the right motor. 06:57.880 --> 07:07.600 This setup, let the Arduino control both the direction and speed of the motors using digital and PWM signals. 07:07.600 --> 07:12.560 Now, make the connections using jumper wires as shown in the circuit diagram, 07:12.560 --> 07:20.000 ensuring proper links between the LDR sensor, the servo motor and the Arduino board. 07:20.000 --> 07:25.760 Use a single red wire to supply VCC to both sensors, sharing the same power line. 07:25.760 --> 07:30.160 Then connect a single black wire from the GND pins of both sensors. 07:30.160 --> 07:35.480 Next, connect a purple wire to the A-open of the right LDR sensor 07:35.480 --> 07:40.160 and a green wire to the A-open of the left LDR sensor. 07:40.160 --> 07:47.080 Now, attach the LDR sensors to the chassis using double-sided tape to keep them secure. 07:47.080 --> 07:52.440 Next, attach the red VCC wire to the 5V pin on the Arduino 07:52.440 --> 07:56.760 and the black GND wire to one of the GND pins. 07:56.760 --> 08:02.280 Then, connect the green wire from the left LDR sensor to Arduino pin A1. 08:02.280 --> 08:07.400 Connect the purple wire from the right LDR sensor to Arduino pin A0. 08:07.400 --> 08:13.000 These connections allow the Arduino to read light levels from both sensors. 08:13.000 --> 08:18.200 Now, power the Arduino using the L298N motor driver. 08:18.200 --> 08:23.240 Connect the VIN pin of the Arduino to the 5V pin on the motor driver. 08:23.240 --> 08:30.200 Then, connect the GND pin of the Arduino to the GND pin on the motor driver. 08:30.200 --> 08:34.680 Mount the battery on the robot chassis to power the robot. 08:34.680 --> 08:40.760 We'll connect the battery using a switch button to the L298N motor driver. 08:40.760 --> 08:46.200 Connect the positive terminal of the battery to the VCC pin on the motor driver 08:46.200 --> 08:50.120 and the negative terminal to the GND pin. 08:50.120 --> 08:55.560 This will supply power to both the motors and the Arduino. 08:55.560 --> 09:04.600 Now that all the components are connected, our light avoiding robot is ready for programming and testing. 09:04.600 --> 09:09.720 Let us program and test our light avoiding robot. 09:09.720 --> 09:15.160 Connect the robots Arduino to the laptop using the Arduino USB cable. 09:16.280 --> 09:23.240 Open the Arduino IDE, then go to file, then open and select your line avoiding robot code. 09:23.800 --> 09:27.240 In the Tools menu, select board and then Arduino Uno. 09:28.200 --> 09:31.160 Then, go to port and select the correct COM port. 09:33.080 --> 09:36.680 Next, click the Verify button to check for any errors in the code. 09:37.640 --> 09:41.800 Once it's verified, click the upload button to send the code to the Arduino. 09:42.760 --> 09:47.320 Finally, wait for the done uploading message to confirm the process is complete. 09:48.280 --> 09:51.400 Now, you can safely disconnect your laptop from the Arduino. 09:54.360 --> 09:59.240 Now, let's adjust the LDR sensors for accurate light detection. 09:59.240 --> 10:03.720 Place the robot in a well lit area and use a torch to test the sensors. 10:04.200 --> 10:07.320 Shine the torch on the right sensor, then on the left. 10:07.960 --> 10:13.240 When light hits the sensor, the robot should turn away, avoiding the light source. 10:13.240 --> 10:16.680 Repeat to make sure both sensors respond properly. 10:17.320 --> 10:20.520 This ensures the robot stays in the shade effectively. 10:22.920 --> 10:25.560 Now, let's see the robot in action. 10:26.280 --> 10:29.000 Place it on a flat surface and turn on the switch. 10:29.720 --> 10:33.960 The robot stays still until light falls on its LDR sensors. 10:34.520 --> 10:38.120 As soon as it detects light, it quickly turns away from the source. 10:38.680 --> 10:41.000 The sensors constantly compare light levels. 10:41.720 --> 10:48.680 And the robot adjusts its path to stay in the shade, all guided by simple sensors and smart logic.