WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:05.000 Ever noticed how self-driving cars can navigate without drivers? 00:05.000 --> 00:10.000 Or how warehouse robots can navigate precisely between shelves? 00:10.000 --> 00:16.000 That's all possible thanks to programmable robots that can navigate Maze's on their own. 00:16.000 --> 00:21.000 Welcome! In this video, we'll build our own Maze navigation robot. 00:21.000 --> 00:24.000 Let's see how it's built. 00:25.000 --> 00:30.000 The first and most important component of our project is the Arduino Uno. 00:30.000 --> 00:33.000 It is the brain of our mechanical arm. 00:33.000 --> 00:42.000 The Arduino is a microcontroller board that allows us to connect and control different electronic components, all through programming. 00:42.000 --> 00:47.000 Our second component is the L298N motor driver. 00:47.000 --> 00:51.000 This component is used to control motors in our project. 00:51.000 --> 00:54.000 We are using three ultrasonic sensors. 00:54.000 --> 00:58.000 They serve as the robot's eyes, detecting walls and open paths, 00:58.000 --> 01:06.000 while the Arduino uses their data to decide whether to move forward, turn left, or turn right. 01:06.000 --> 01:09.000 Next, we have two DC motors with two wheels. 01:09.000 --> 01:16.000 By controlling their speed and direction, the robot can navigate through any maze. 01:16.000 --> 01:22.000 Then comes the chassis structure made up of the top and bottom plates, fiber mounts, a free wheel, 01:22.000 --> 01:27.000 ultrasonic sensor holders, and hardware-like screws and hexagonal nuts. 01:27.000 --> 01:33.000 Together, these form the body of the Maze navigation robot. 01:33.000 --> 01:37.000 We'll also use a battery pack with a switch to power the servos. 01:37.000 --> 01:42.000 And finally, jumper wires to connect everything together. 01:42.000 --> 01:52.000 With all these components and some essentials, we're ready to build a Maze navigation robot using the Arduino Uno. 01:52.000 --> 01:59.000 Let's understand the principles and real-world applications of a mechanical arm. 01:59.000 --> 02:07.000 The Maze navigation robot is an autonomous machine that uses an ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino to move through a maze. 02:07.000 --> 02:16.000 The sensor sends out sound waves and measures how long they take to bounce back, helping the robot detect walls and obstacles. 02:16.000 --> 02:25.000 Based on this data, the Arduino decides whether to move forward, stop, or turn while the motors carry out the movement. 02:25.000 --> 02:33.000 This process sends, decide, and move repeats until the maze is solved. 02:34.000 --> 02:42.000 Maze navigation is used in delivery and medical robots, helping them move through busy streets and reach their destinations safely. 02:42.000 --> 02:50.000 It's also applied in space rovers, allowing them to cross rough terrain, avoid rocks, and explore without human control. 02:50.000 --> 03:00.000 And at home, the same principle powers robotic vacuum cleaners, letting them sense obstacles, and clean efficiently. 03:00.000 --> 03:06.000 Let's explore the core components of a Maze solving robot. 03:06.000 --> 03:11.000 The Arduino Uno, it is the brain of our Maze solving robot. 03:11.000 --> 03:17.000 It reads input from the ultrasonic sensors, processes it, and sends output signals to the motors. 03:17.000 --> 03:22.000 We use code to make the Arduino perform these actions. 03:22.000 --> 03:29.000 Technically, the Arduino Uno is a development board based on the AT-Mega3-8P microcontroller. 03:29.000 --> 03:43.000 It includes digital and analog eye-opens, a USB port for programming, a voltage regulator for stable 5 voltage power, a crystal oscillator for timing, and a reset button. 03:43.000 --> 03:50.000 It runs C and C++ code and controls sensors and motors in real time. 03:50.000 --> 03:58.000 This ultrasonic sensor helps the robot detect obstacles, just like how bats use sound to sense their surroundings. 03:58.000 --> 04:03.000 It sends out an ultrasonic pulse and waits for the sound to bounce back from an object. 04:03.000 --> 04:10.000 By calculating the time it takes for the one wave to return, the robot figures out how far away the object is. 04:10.000 --> 04:19.000 It uses basic formula, distance equals speed of sound, multiplied by time, and divided by two. 04:19.000 --> 04:24.000 The motor driver acts like a power manager between the Arduino and the motors. 04:24.000 --> 04:30.000 The Arduino sends control signals, but those signals aren't strong enough to run motors directly. 04:30.000 --> 04:35.000 So, the motor driver boosts the control signals and sends them to the DC motors. 04:35.000 --> 04:45.000 The L298N motor driver includes the main L298N IC, which controls motor direction and power. 04:45.000 --> 04:49.000 It has terminal blocks for motor and power connections. 04:49.000 --> 04:55.000 Input pins for signals from the Arduino, and enable pins for speed control. 04:55.000 --> 05:01.000 A built-in heat sink prevents the chip from overheating during operation. 05:01.000 --> 05:20.000 Now, let's build our May's navigation robot, begin by assembling all the required components. 05:20.000 --> 05:27.000 We'll start by soldering wires to each of the motor terminals, one for positive and one for negative. 05:27.000 --> 05:33.000 Make sure the solder joints are strong and clean to avoid any loose connections during operation. 05:33.000 --> 05:36.000 We begin by preparing the bottom chassis plate. 05:36.000 --> 05:43.000 First, attach the DC motors on both sides, using motor brackets, screws, and hexagonal nuts. 05:43.000 --> 05:48.000 Make sure the wheels are facing outward, and that both motors are lined in a straight line. 05:48.000 --> 05:55.000 Tighten the screws just enough to hold the motors firmly, but without bending the plastic plate. 05:55.000 --> 05:59.000 Next, fix the free wheel at the front of the chassis. 05:59.000 --> 06:10.000 The free wheel helps balance the robot, allowing it to roll smoothly in all directions, position it carefully at the center, so the robot does not tilt while moving. 06:10.000 --> 06:19.000 Now, attach the wheels to the motor shafts, slide each wheel onto the shaft, and secure it with a small screw if provided. 06:19.000 --> 06:25.000 Rotate the wheels gently to check if they move freely, without wobbling. 06:25.000 --> 06:30.000 Once the motors and free wheel are fixed, place the spacers above the bottom plate. 06:30.000 --> 06:35.000 Align the top chassis plate over the spacers, and tighten the screws and nuts. 06:35.000 --> 06:41.000 This creates a strong, two-layer body for our May's navigation robot. 06:41.000 --> 06:48.000 At the front and on the sides of the chassis, fix the three ultrasonic sensor holders using screws. 06:48.000 --> 06:55.000 Tighten the screws gently, so each sensor stays stable, without putting stress on the pins. 06:55.000 --> 06:59.000 Now, let's mount all the components on the chassis. 06:59.000 --> 07:06.000 The three ultrasonic sensors, one at the front, one on the left, and one on the right, are each fixed in their holders. 07:06.000 --> 07:17.000 On the top plate, we have the Arduino Uno, and the L298N Motor Driver Module, both securely attached using screws or double-sided tape. 07:18.000 --> 07:25.000 Take the wires from the left motor and the right motor, and connect them to the L298N Motor Driver. 07:25.000 --> 07:31.000 Tighten the screws of all the terminals, so the wires stay securely in place while the robot is moving. 07:31.000 --> 07:35.000 Refer the pin diagram for more information. 07:35.000 --> 07:40.000 Next, make the connections using jumper wires, as shown in the image. 07:40.000 --> 07:54.000 Then, connect the VCC and GND of all three ultrasonic sensors, the red wires to VCC and the black wires to GND, ensuring proper power for the sensors. 07:54.000 --> 08:06.000 Connect the VCC and GND of all three ultrasonic sensors to the five V and GND pins on the Arduino, ensuring each sensor has proper power. 08:06.000 --> 08:10.000 Make connection using jumper wires as shown in the image. 08:10.000 --> 08:19.000 Now, connect the Trig and Echo pins of all three ultrasonic sensors, then take the other ends of those wires and connect them to the Arduino pins. 08:19.000 --> 08:35.000 The right sensor's Trig goes to A4 and Echo to A5, the front sensor's Trig to A2 and Echo to A3, and the left sensor's Trig to A0 and Echo to A1. 08:35.000 --> 08:53.000 The motor driver pins are connected to the Arduino, where ENA, IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4, and ENB are connected to D5, D6, D7, D8, D9 and D10, respectively. 08:53.000 --> 08:59.000 This setup allows the Arduino to control both the speed and direction of the motors. 08:59.000 --> 09:03.000 Now, power the Arduino using the motor driver. 09:03.000 --> 09:08.000 Connect the GND of the Arduino to the GND of the motor driver. 09:08.000 --> 09:20.000 Next, connect the VIN pin of the Arduino to the five V output pin of the motor driver, so the Arduino receives power directly from the motor driver. 09:20.000 --> 09:24.000 Mount the lithium ion battery and the power switch on the chassis. 09:24.000 --> 09:28.000 Fix the battery with double-sided tape so it stays firmly in place. 09:28.000 --> 09:37.000 Next, connect the black wire from the negative terminal of the battery to the GND pin on the L298N motor driver. 09:37.000 --> 09:49.000 Then, connect the red wire from the positive terminal of the battery to one side of the power switch and the other side of the switch to the 12V input pin on the L298N motor driver. 09:50.000 --> 09:54.000 Now, all components are connected. 09:54.000 --> 09:59.000 The May's navigation robot is ready for programming and testing. 10:20.000 --> 10:24.000 Now, let's move on to programming our May's solving robot. 10:24.000 --> 10:31.000 First, connect the Arduino Uno to your laptop using a USB cable. This allows you to upload the code. 10:31.000 --> 10:34.000 Open the Arduino IDE on your computer. 10:34.000 --> 10:40.000 Go to the File menu, click Open and select your May's solving robot code. 10:40.000 --> 10:48.000 Next, open the Tools menu, go to Library Manager. Search for the New Ping Library and install it. 10:48.000 --> 10:54.000 Then, under Tools, select Board, then select Arduino Uno. 10:54.000 --> 11:00.000 After that, go to Tools Aeroport and choose the correct COM port for your device. 11:00.000 --> 11:06.000 Now, click the Verify button to check the code for any errors. 11:06.000 --> 11:12.000 Once it's verified, click the Upload button to send the code to your Arduino Uno. 11:12.000 --> 11:20.000 After a few seconds, you'll see Done Uploading at the bottom of the screen, confirming a successful upload. 11:20.000 --> 11:28.000 Now, disconnect the USB cable from the laptop after uploading the code. 11:28.000 --> 11:33.000 Now, it's time to test our robot. Switch on the battery pack. 11:33.000 --> 11:36.000 Place the May's navigation robot. 11:36.000 --> 11:40.000 At the entrance of a simple maze, made of cardboard walls, 11:40.000 --> 11:43.000 the ultrasonic sensors start scanning the path ahead. 11:43.000 --> 11:46.000 If the way is clear, the robot moves forward. 11:46.000 --> 11:52.000 If a wall is detected, it stops. Then, turns left or right depending on the code. 11:52.000 --> 12:00.000 It repeats this cycle, move forward, stop, turn, again and again, until it successfully finds the exit. 12:00.000 --> 12:07.000 All of this happens smoothly, showing how logic and sensors work together in real time. 12:10.000 --> 12:13.000 That's all for now. 12:13.000 --> 12:16.000 Thank you for watching.