WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:06.080 ever noticed how you can control a drone with just a few commands from your phone or computer 00:06.720 --> 00:10.800 or how warehouse robots can move forward, turn, and stop. 00:11.520 --> 00:16.960 Exactly when we tell them to? That's all possible thanks to a programmable smart car. 00:18.080 --> 00:24.080 Welcome. In this video, we'll build our own two WD smart car. Let's see how it's built. 00:26.240 --> 00:29.440 Let's start with the first and most important component of our project. 00:30.000 --> 00:36.640 The Raspberry Pi. It is the brain of our smart car. The Raspberry Pi is a small but powerful 00:36.640 --> 00:41.920 computer that allows us to connect and control different electronic components, like motor drivers, 00:41.920 --> 00:50.240 motors, and sensors. Our second component is the L298N motor driver. This component is used to 00:50.240 --> 00:56.720 control motors in our project. Our third component is two DC geared motors with two wheels. 00:57.280 --> 01:00.160 These motors are responsible. These motors are responsible. 01:01.840 --> 01:07.120 Our fifth component is the robot car chassis. Along with other components used to mount 01:07.120 --> 01:15.680 parts like motors, the Arduino, battery, and sensors. Our sixth component is the power bank with 01:15.680 --> 01:21.680 cable. It powers the Raspberry Pi and protects it from voltage drops while the motors run. 01:22.160 --> 01:28.480 There are several components are used like battery to supply power, a rocker switch for control, 01:29.200 --> 01:34.400 and jumper wires to connect different parts of the robot. With all these components, 01:34.400 --> 01:39.440 along with some essential, we're going to build a two WD smart car with Raspberry Pi. 01:40.960 --> 01:46.240 Let's understand the principles and real-world applications of a two-wheel drive smart car. 01:46.960 --> 01:53.920 The smart car moves based on instructions sent by the command center from a laptop or remote 01:53.920 --> 02:02.560 control interface. First, open the Raspberry Pi OS on your laptop. Then, launch the Thani IDE 02:02.560 --> 02:08.400 Editor where you can enter commands for the smart car to follow. When F is entered, the car moves 02:08.480 --> 02:15.680 forward. When F is entered, the car stops immediately. If B is entered, it moves backward. 02:16.480 --> 02:24.560 R turns it to the right and L turns the car to the left. After pressing T, it runs a testing 02:24.560 --> 02:33.200 sequence and pressing Q quits the program. The Raspberry Pi processes these commands in real time, 02:33.200 --> 02:39.200 sending control signals to the motor driver, which adjusts motor direction and speed accordingly. 02:40.000 --> 02:44.800 This ensures the car responds instantly and smoothly to every instruction. 02:47.120 --> 02:53.200 This technology is widely used in remote control drones for quick, precise responses to pilot 02:53.200 --> 02:59.760 commands. It's also found in industrial robots that require precise, real-time movement, 03:00.400 --> 03:07.280 ensuring they react instantly to every command. Let's explore the core components of a two-wheel 03:07.280 --> 03:15.280 drive smart car and understand the science behind them. The Raspberry Pi is the brain of the robot. 03:15.840 --> 03:23.280 It processes commands, controls the motors, and can interact with sensors. We upload Python code 03:23.360 --> 03:30.160 to control how the robot behaves. Technically, the Raspberry Pi is a small, single-board computer. 03:31.040 --> 03:36.240 It includes USB ports for peripherals, HDMI for display, 03:38.080 --> 03:44.000 GPIO pins for connecting electronic components, a processor for running programs, 03:44.960 --> 03:50.720 and built-in storage via a micro SD card. It runs a full operating system, 03:51.280 --> 03:53.360 and processes tasks in real time. 03:56.640 --> 04:00.640 The motor driver acts like a power manager between the Raspberry Pi and the motors. 04:01.440 --> 04:06.320 The Raspberry Pi sends control signals, but those signals aren't strong enough to run motors 04:06.320 --> 04:12.080 directly. So the motor driver boosts the control signals and sends them to the DC motors. 04:12.320 --> 04:22.000 The L298N motor driver includes the main L298N IC, which controls motor direction and power. 04:22.800 --> 04:29.200 It has terminal blocks for motor and power connections, input pins for signals from the Raspberry Pi, 04:29.840 --> 04:36.720 and enable pins for speed control. A built-in heat sink prevents the chip from overheating during 04:36.720 --> 04:46.640 operation. Now let's build our 2WD smart car. Begin by assembling all the required components. 04:48.720 --> 04:54.240 We'll start by soldering wires to each of the motor terminals, one for positive, and one for 04:54.240 --> 04:59.920 negative. Make sure the solder joints are strong and clean to avoid any loose connections during 04:59.920 --> 05:07.920 operation. Assemble the chassis by securely mounting DC motors in place, ensuring proper 05:07.920 --> 05:14.480 alignment for smooth movement of the robot. Then attach the third wheel to the chassis, 05:14.480 --> 05:21.600 using screws and brass spacers. Next, attach each wheel firmly to the shaft of the DC motors. 05:23.520 --> 05:27.360 Use screws or double-sided tape to securely attach the motor driver. 05:28.000 --> 05:32.400 Carefully mount the L298N motor driver onto the chassis. 05:33.280 --> 05:37.920 Choose a flat and central spot on the chassis to keep the wiring neat and balanced. 05:39.200 --> 05:43.600 Since we're using two motors, we'll connect one motor to each motor channel on the driver. 05:44.160 --> 05:46.800 Refer the circuit diagram and chart for connections. 05:48.640 --> 05:55.680 Now, place the small chassis plate on top of the main chassis. Use brass spacers and nuts 05:55.760 --> 06:02.080 to secure it in place. This upper section adds stability and provides a sturdy platform to mount 06:02.080 --> 06:10.640 the Raspberry Pi securely. Next, place the Raspberry Pi on top of the small upper chassis plate, 06:10.640 --> 06:15.600 using spacers or double-sided tape to keep it stable and secure. 06:17.440 --> 06:23.840 Now, connect the L298N motor driver to the Raspberry Pi using jumper wires. 06:24.800 --> 06:29.760 Make sure each control pin is connected to the correct GPIO pin on the pie. 06:31.920 --> 06:39.600 IN1 goes to GPIO17, which is physical pin 11 and controls motor A direction. 06:39.600 --> 06:46.880 IN2 goes to GPIO27, which is physical pin 13, also for motor A direction. 06:46.880 --> 06:54.320 ENA connects to GPIO4, which is physical pin 7 and controls motor A speed using PWA. 06:55.280 --> 07:01.120 IN3 goes to GPIO5, which is physical pin 29 for motor B direction. 07:01.920 --> 07:09.120 IN4 connects to GPIO6, which is physical pin 31, also for motor B direction. 07:09.120 --> 07:17.440 INB goes to GPIO13, which is physical pin 33 and controls motor B speed via PWM. 07:18.400 --> 07:23.920 Refer to the wiring chart and Raspberry Pi pin diagram for a clearer understanding of these connections. 07:25.920 --> 07:33.440 And finally, connect the GND of the L298N motor driver to the ground pin on the Raspberry Pi, 07:33.520 --> 07:34.960 which is physical pin 6. 07:37.520 --> 07:44.640 Now, mount the lithium batteries securely onto the chassis to supply power to the L298N motor driver. 07:45.600 --> 07:49.840 Connect the battery's negative terminal to the GND of the motor driver. 07:51.040 --> 07:58.720 Use a switch, connecting the battery's positive terminal to the plus 12 volt input on the L298N motor driver, 07:58.720 --> 08:01.760 so you can easily turn the power on or off when needed. 08:03.600 --> 08:08.320 Now, provide external power to the Raspberry Pi, using a power bank, 08:09.040 --> 08:13.840 or a dedicated USB power supply, ensuring stable performance, 08:13.840 --> 08:17.040 and protecting it from voltage drops caused by the motor load. 08:19.280 --> 08:21.120 Now, all the components are connected. 08:21.760 --> 08:25.680 Our two-wheel drive smart car is ready for programming and testing. 08:27.600 --> 08:30.400 Let us program and test our 2WD smart car. 08:33.760 --> 08:39.760 Now, turn on the mobile hotspot that you configured earlier during the Raspberry Pi setup. 08:40.560 --> 08:44.720 Power on the Raspberry Pi and open the Raspberry Pi OS. 08:44.720 --> 08:48.480 Now, open the programming menu and select THONNY IDE. 08:49.120 --> 08:54.080 Open your Python code, then save the file with a .py extension. 08:54.880 --> 08:56.720 Go ahead and run your program. 08:57.440 --> 09:03.200 When your code runs successfully, you'll see a prompt on the screen where you can enter commands 09:03.200 --> 09:04.320 to control the robot. 09:06.080 --> 09:09.600 Now, let's see the 2WD smart car in action. 09:10.320 --> 09:16.240 In the prompt, enter commands to control the car, F for forward, D for backward, 09:16.240 --> 09:21.840 L for left, R for right, S to stop, T for testing, and Q to quit. 09:22.640 --> 09:27.600 As soon as you type a command and press enter, the robot reacts instantly, 09:27.600 --> 09:31.040 turning, moving, or stopping exactly is instructed. 09:31.840 --> 09:35.920 This quick response makes it easy to guide the robot with precision, 09:35.920 --> 09:40.560 similar to how warehouse robots, or remote operated vehicles, 09:40.560 --> 09:50.080 respond to operator inputs in real time.