WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:04.000 Have you ever wondered about a warehouse robot? 00:04.000 --> 00:09.480 That can carry out tasks on its own, avoid obstacles, follow pathways, and still be controlled 00:09.480 --> 00:12.440 manually when needed? 00:12.440 --> 00:13.440 Welcome! 00:13.440 --> 00:20.560 In this video, we will build our warehouse robot using Arduino and an IR remote control. 00:20.560 --> 00:25.400 In this video, we'll build a smart robot that works in three modes. 00:25.400 --> 00:31.680 Mobile avoidance, where it avoids objects, line following, where it tracks a black line, 00:31.680 --> 00:35.280 and manual control using the IR remote. 00:35.280 --> 00:42.960 By blending automation with manual control, the robot is both practical and educational. 00:42.960 --> 00:48.680 The first and most important component of our project is the Arduino Uno. 00:48.680 --> 00:54.480 The Arduino is a microcontroller board that allows us to connect and control different electronic 00:54.480 --> 00:58.280 components, all through programming. 00:58.280 --> 01:02.920 Our second component is the L298N motor driver. 01:02.920 --> 01:07.480 This component is used to control motors in our project. 01:07.480 --> 01:12.360 Our third component is the ultrasonic sensor, which measures the distance to obstacles and 01:12.360 --> 01:16.000 guides the robot to avoid collisions. 01:16.000 --> 01:19.120 The next component is the IR sensors. 01:19.120 --> 01:23.840 Two sensors placed at the front detect black and white surfaces, helping the robot stay 01:23.840 --> 01:26.560 on the line. 01:26.560 --> 01:29.400 Our next component is the servo motor. 01:29.400 --> 01:34.680 It rotates the front ultrasonic sensor, left and right, allowing the robot to scan its 01:34.680 --> 01:39.000 surroundings and choose the safest path. 01:39.000 --> 01:43.120 The next component is a pair of DC geared motors with wheels. 01:43.120 --> 01:49.040 These motors drive the robot forward, backward, left and right. 01:49.040 --> 01:54.480 Now we have the robot car chassis, the base frame that holds everything together. 01:54.480 --> 02:01.280 It comes with a base plate, a top plate, spacers, and fiber mountings, all fixed with screws. 02:01.280 --> 02:07.800 At the front, it also has a holder for the ultrasonic sensor. 02:07.800 --> 02:12.360 Our next components are the IR remote and IR receiver. 02:12.360 --> 02:16.960 The remote sends commands to change modes, control movement, and adjust speed. 02:16.960 --> 02:24.080 While the receiver captures these signals for the robot to follow, we'll also use a battery 02:24.080 --> 02:27.800 pack with a switch to power the servos. 02:27.800 --> 02:32.120 And finally, jumper wires to connect everything together. 02:32.120 --> 02:37.880 Using all these components and some essentials, we are going to build warehouse robot using 02:37.880 --> 02:41.000 the Arduino Uno. 02:41.000 --> 02:46.200 Let us understand principles and applications of warehouse robot. 02:46.200 --> 02:49.920 This is the warehouse robot with all its main components. 02:49.920 --> 02:55.640 From the ultrasonic sensor and IR sensors in the front to the Arduino, motor driver, 02:55.640 --> 03:01.600 and receiver on the chassis, each part works together to make the robot function. 03:01.600 --> 03:07.240 This warehouse robot works in three different modes, obstacle avoidance, line following, 03:07.240 --> 03:09.200 and manual control. 03:09.240 --> 03:16.400 Now, by pressing one on the IR remote, we activate the first mode, obstacle avoidance. 03:16.400 --> 03:23.000 Here the warehouse robot uses an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo to scan its surroundings. 03:23.000 --> 03:26.200 If the path is clear, the robot moves forward. 03:26.200 --> 03:31.200 But when it detects an obstacle, the Arduino quickly decides a safer direction. 03:31.200 --> 03:38.600 This way, the warehouse robot avoids collisions and keeps moving smoothly. 03:38.600 --> 03:45.160 Now, by pressing two on the IR remote, we activate the second mode, line following. 03:45.160 --> 03:51.120 In this mode, the warehouse robot uses two IR sensors placed at the front to detect black 03:51.120 --> 03:52.960 and white surfaces. 03:52.960 --> 03:58.400 When the sensors read the black line, the Arduino adjusts the motors to keep the robot on track. 03:58.400 --> 04:01.920 If it drifts off, the sensors immediately detect the change. 04:01.920 --> 04:03.920 And the robot corrects its path? 04:03.920 --> 04:08.360 This process repeats continuously, allowing the warehouse robot to follow a marked route 04:08.360 --> 04:11.360 accurately and efficiently. 04:11.360 --> 04:19.360 Now, by pressing three on the IR remote, we activate the third mode, manual control. 04:19.360 --> 04:24.360 In this mode, the warehouse robot is fully operated with an IR remote. 04:24.360 --> 04:29.360 The user can send commands to move forward, backward, left, right, or stop. 04:29.360 --> 04:34.360 Each signal is received by the IR receiver and processed by the Arduino, 04:34.360 --> 04:37.360 which controls the motors accordingly. 04:37.360 --> 04:44.360 This mode gives complete control to the user, making the warehouse robot flexible for different warehouse tasks. 04:48.360 --> 04:54.360 Warehouse robot technology is widely used in logistics to transport goods and reduce human effort. 04:54.360 --> 05:00.360 In e-commerce, robots help manage inventory and speed up order fulfillment. 05:00.360 --> 05:05.360 In manufacturing, they move materials safely across the shop floor. 05:05.360 --> 05:12.360 Even in healthcare, similar robots are being explored to deliver medicines and supplies within hospitals. 05:12.360 --> 05:16.360 Let's explore core components of warehouse robot. 05:16.360 --> 05:21.360 The Arduino Uno is the brain of our warehouse robot. 05:21.360 --> 05:27.360 It reads input from the ultrasonic sensors, processes it, and sends output signals to the motors. 05:27.360 --> 05:33.360 We use code to make the Arduino perform these actions. 05:33.360 --> 05:40.360 Technically, the Arduino Uno is a development board based on the AT-MEGA328P microcontroller. 05:40.360 --> 05:46.360 It includes digital and analog eye-opens, a USB port for programming, 05:46.360 --> 05:54.360 a voltage regulator for stable 5 voltage power, a crystal oscillator for timing, and a reset button. 05:54.360 --> 06:01.360 It runs C and C++ code and controls sensors and motors in real time. 06:01.360 --> 06:08.360 This ultrasonic sensor helps the robot detect obstacles, just like how bats use sound to sense their surroundings. 06:08.360 --> 06:14.360 It sends out an ultrasonic pulse and waits for the sound to bounce back from an object. 06:14.360 --> 06:21.360 By calculating the time it takes for the one wave to return, the robot figures out how far away the object is. 06:21.360 --> 06:29.360 It uses basic formula, distance equals speed of sound, multiplied by time, and divided by two. 06:30.360 --> 06:35.360 The motor driver acts like a power manager between the Arduino and the motors. 06:35.360 --> 06:41.360 The Arduino sends control signals, but those signals aren't strong enough to run motors directly. 06:41.360 --> 06:46.360 So the motor driver boosts the control signals and sends them to the DC motors. 06:46.360 --> 06:56.360 The L298N motor driver includes the main L298N IC, which controls motor direction and power. 06:56.360 --> 07:03.360 It has terminal blocks for motor and power connections, input pins for signals from the Arduino, 07:03.360 --> 07:06.360 and enable pins for speed control. 07:06.360 --> 07:12.360 A built-in heat sink prevents the chip from overheating during operation. 07:15.360 --> 07:20.360 The servo motor is a special type of motor that can rotate to a specific angle. 07:21.360 --> 07:27.360 Like zero degrees, 90 degrees, or 180 degrees, and hold that position. 07:27.360 --> 07:31.360 We use the servo to rotate different joints of the mechanical arm. 07:31.360 --> 07:36.360 This way, it makes precise movements to pick up or place an object. 07:39.360 --> 07:47.360 This infrared sensor helps the robot detect surfaces using invisible light, just like how remote controls send signals to your TV. 07:48.360 --> 07:52.360 It emits infrared light and waits to see if that light reflects back. 07:52.360 --> 07:58.360 White or reflective surfaces bounce back more infrared light, making it easy for the sensor to detect them. 07:58.360 --> 08:03.360 Dark or black surfaces absorb most of the light, so very little reflects back. 08:03.360 --> 08:09.360 By measuring how much light returns, the sensor can tell whether it's over a light or dark surface. 08:10.360 --> 08:18.360 An IR receiver module and IR remote work together to enable wireless control of the robot. 08:18.360 --> 08:23.360 The remote uses an IR LED to send coded infrared light. 08:23.360 --> 08:30.360 The receiver with its photo diode sensor detects infrared light and converts them into electrical signals. 08:30.360 --> 08:34.360 Each button on the remote has a unique signal pattern. 08:34.360 --> 08:39.360 The Arduino reads these unique signals and carries out the command accordingly. 08:43.360 --> 08:51.360 Now, let's build our May's navigation robot, begin by assembling all the required components. 08:51.360 --> 08:58.360 We'll start by soldering wires to each of the motor terminals, one for positive and one for negative. 08:58.360 --> 09:04.360 Make sure the solder joints are strong and clean to avoid any loose connections during operation. 09:04.360 --> 09:07.360 We begin by preparing the bottom chassis plate. 09:07.360 --> 09:14.360 First, attach the DC motors on both sides, using motor brackets, screws, and hexagonal nuts. 09:14.360 --> 09:19.360 Make sure the wheels are facing outward, and that both motors are lined in a straight line. 09:19.360 --> 09:26.360 Tighten the screws just enough to hold the motors firmly, but without bending the plastic plate. 09:26.360 --> 09:29.360 Next, fix the free wheel at the front of the chassis. 09:29.360 --> 09:41.360 The free wheel helps balance the robot, allowing it to roll smoothly in all directions, position it carefully at the center, so the robot does not tilt while moving. 09:41.360 --> 09:50.360 Now, attach the wheels to the motor shafts, slide each wheel onto the shaft, and secure it with a small screw if provided. 09:50.360 --> 09:55.360 Rotate the wheels gently to check if they move freely, without wobbling. 09:56.360 --> 10:01.360 Once the motors and free wheel are fixed, place the spacers above the bottom plate. 10:01.360 --> 10:06.360 Align the top chassis plate over the spacers, and tighten the screws and nuts. 10:06.360 --> 10:12.360 This creates a strong, two-layer body for our May's navigation robot. 10:12.360 --> 10:18.360 Next, mount the L298N motor driver at the back center of the chassis. 10:18.360 --> 10:24.360 Then place the Arduino Uno board at the center for easy wiring. 10:24.360 --> 10:38.360 Connect the DC motors to the L298N motor driver, with the left motor wire to out one and out two, and the right motor wire to out three and out four. 10:38.360 --> 10:45.360 Make the connections using jumper wires as shown. Use the pin diagram for reference. 10:45.360 --> 10:57.360 Take a red jumper wire as the common positive line, and connect it to the VCC pins of the left IR sensor, the right IR sensor, the ultrasonic sensor, and the servo motor. 10:57.360 --> 11:06.360 Then, take a black jumper wire as the common ground line, and connect it to the GND pins of all these components. 11:06.360 --> 11:19.360 Connect the VCC from all the components to the 5V pin of the motor driver, and the GND from all the components to the GND pin of the motor driver. 11:19.360 --> 11:26.360 Fix the IR receiver at the front of the chassis, so it has a clear line of sight to the remote. 11:26.360 --> 11:35.360 Now, connect the positive and the negative pin of the IR receiver to the Arduino's 5V pin and GND pin. 11:36.360 --> 11:49.360 Now, power the Arduino by connecting the Arduino's VIN and GND pins, to the 5V and GND ports of the L298N motor driver. 11:49.360 --> 12:04.360 Take the trig and echo pins of the ultrasonic sensor, and connect them carefully to the A0 and A1 pins on the Arduino, making sure the wires are secure and properly placed just as shown in the diagram. 12:04.360 --> 12:15.360 Connect both signal pins of the IR sensors using yellow and green jumper wires, then connect them to the A2 and A3 pins on the Arduino. 12:15.360 --> 12:29.360 Now, take the signal wire of the servo motor, and connect it to Digital Pin 3 on the Arduino. Make sure the connection is firm, so the servo can receive signals correctly. 12:30.360 --> 12:44.360 Finally, connect the motor driver to the Arduino. ENA goes to pin 5 and 1 to pin 10, in 2 to pin 9, in 3 to pin 8, in 4 to pin 7 and in B to pin 6. 12:44.360 --> 12:50.360 This allows the Arduino to control the motors, both speed and direction. 12:50.360 --> 13:01.360 Now, connect the signal wire of the IR receiver to the Arduino, take the signal pin of the IR receiver, and connect it to Digital Pin 11 on the Arduino. 13:01.360 --> 13:10.360 Mount the lithium ion battery and the power switch on the chassis. Fix the battery with double-sided tape, so it stays firmly in place. 13:10.360 --> 13:19.360 Next, connect the black wire from the negative terminal of the battery, to the GND pin on the L298N motor driver. 13:20.360 --> 13:34.360 Then, connect the red wire from the positive terminal of the battery, to one side of the power switch, and connect the other side of the switch to the 12V input pin, on the L298N motor driver. 13:34.360 --> 13:43.360 Now, all components are connected. The warehouse robot is ready for programming and testing. 13:43.360 --> 13:47.360 Now, let's program and test our warehouse robot. 13:48.360 --> 13:54.360 First, connect the Arduino Uno to your laptop using a USB cable. This allows you to upload the code. 13:54.360 --> 14:03.360 Open the Arduino IDE on your computer. Go to the File menu, click Open, and select your warehouse robot one code. 14:04.360 --> 14:12.360 Next, open the Tools menu, go to Library Manager, search for the IR remote in Library and install it. 14:12.360 --> 14:17.360 Then, under Tools, select Board and choose Arduino Uno. 14:17.360 --> 14:23.360 After that, go to Tools, Port, and select the correct COM port for your device. 14:23.360 --> 14:28.360 Now, click the Verify button to check the code for any errors. 14:28.360 --> 14:33.360 Once it's verified, click the Upload button to send the code to your Arduino Uno. 14:33.360 --> 14:41.360 After a few seconds, you'll see Done uploading at the bottom of the screen, confirming a successful upload. 14:42.360 --> 14:47.360 In this testing, we are going to see the three modes of our warehouse robot. 14:47.360 --> 14:54.360 Each mode is designed to perform a unique task, making the robot versatile for warehouse operations. 14:54.360 --> 15:00.360 By pressing key number one on the remote, we activate obstacle avoidance mode. 15:00.360 --> 15:06.360 The robot uses its ultrasonic sensor mounted on a rotating servo motor to scan the path ahead. 15:06.360 --> 15:11.360 As it moves forward, it keeps checking the distance to obstacles. 15:11.360 --> 15:17.360 The moment something is detected, the Arduino processes the signal and decides the safest turn. 15:17.360 --> 15:26.360 This allows the robot to avoid shelves, boxes, or any barrier, ensuring smooth navigation inside the warehouse. 15:26.360 --> 15:33.360 By pressing key number two, we activate line following mode. 15:33.360 --> 15:42.360 Here, the robot uses two IR sensors fixed underneath the chassis to track a black guiding line on the warehouse floor. 15:42.360 --> 15:47.360 When both sensors detect the line, the robot moves straight. 15:47.360 --> 15:54.360 If one sensor slips off, the Arduino instantly corrects the movement, steering it back on track. 15:55.360 --> 16:01.360 This enables the robot to follow predefined routes, ensuring accurate and efficient delivery of items. 16:05.360 --> 16:10.360 By pressing key number three, we activate manual control mode. 16:10.360 --> 16:17.360 In this mode, the robot is operated directly using the IR remote and its onboard receiver. 16:18.360 --> 16:27.360 By pressing different buttons, the user can move the robot forward, backward, left, or right, and even stop it when required. 16:27.360 --> 16:38.360 This mode gives full control to the operator, making it ideal for testing, handling emergencies, or moving items where automation cannot be applied. 16:38.360 --> 16:43.360 And with that, our warehouse robot demonstration comes to an end. 16:43.360 --> 16:48.360 The robot is now prepared for practical use and operations.