WEBVTT 00:00.000 --> 00:22.040 Let's talk about artificial intelligence and robotics. What is it exactly? Right off 00:22.040 --> 00:26.800 the bat, you're probably thinking of a cybernetic organism with living tissue over a metal 00:26.800 --> 00:34.320 and skeleton. Yeah. Well, this is just a small part of it. Artificial intelligence, more 00:34.320 --> 00:39.400 commonly known as AI, doesn't always have to exist in a robot think about a self-driving 00:39.400 --> 00:46.320 car or a space probe. Both of these are robots. Yes, robots, with varying levels of AI. And 00:46.320 --> 00:50.400 then of course, you have things like Netflix or search engines, but we'll get into that 00:50.400 --> 00:56.480 a little bit later. Okay, so the two terms, robotics and artificial intelligence actually 00:56.480 --> 01:01.200 overlap, but for the most part, they're quite separate. Now, there are some variations 01:01.200 --> 01:07.000 of where they overlap, but generally, this is how it goes. Let's break this diagram down, 01:07.000 --> 01:11.520 starting outside with a simple machine like a vacuum cleaner. It has one function and 01:11.520 --> 01:17.480 one button to control it. This is classed as a machine, just straight forward and simple. 01:17.480 --> 01:22.560 Now to turn this into a robot, you could make it a little smaller, add some motors, so 01:22.560 --> 01:28.200 it could drive itself around, and most importantly, upload the floor plan of your home, and then 01:28.200 --> 01:32.880 yes, it would be classed as a robot going around the house cleaning up. But what if people 01:32.880 --> 01:37.960 kept moving furniture all the time or getting in the way, how could you get around that? 01:37.960 --> 01:43.240 Well, this is where the two overlap. This time, you don't need to upload the floor plan. 01:43.240 --> 01:48.520 No, instead they have built-in sensors. This time round, it learns the floor plan, it 01:48.520 --> 01:53.240 learns that right outside the kitchen, there is a very high traffic area and probably needs 01:53.240 --> 01:58.160 the turbo mode. It even figures out that there's a spot right under your bed that hasn't 01:58.160 --> 02:03.560 been cleaned in a very long time. Now that's adaptive behavior, that's machine learning, 02:03.560 --> 02:08.720 that's an artificially intelligent robot. Okay, then what about pure AI, what does this 02:08.720 --> 02:14.280 look like? What is pure AI? Well, pick up your phone and ask Google to make a reservation 02:14.280 --> 02:19.520 at your favorite restaurant. But wait, isn't this just taking a few boxes on a website? 02:19.520 --> 02:26.160 A bit simple, right? Well, yeah, but levels of AI increase when you have a really deep accent 02:26.160 --> 02:30.560 or when it actually calls up the restaurant and speaks to them for you. Don't believe 02:30.560 --> 02:36.080 me, try it out yourself, check out Google Duplex. But of course, there are limitations that 02:36.080 --> 02:42.440 vacuum cleaner sure is swell. But if you asked it to wash your car, it would be very confusing. 02:42.440 --> 02:47.760 Probably won't do anything at all. Why? Because it hasn't been told how to do this, 02:47.760 --> 02:52.520 and if it did, it certainly does not have the robotic components to do so. You see how 02:52.520 --> 02:58.720 all of this fits in together now. Okay, so, isn't AI just making us lazier then? Isn't 02:58.720 --> 03:04.120 this a problem? No, not at all. Sometimes we just can't do the things we want to do. 03:04.120 --> 03:16.240 Let me explain. When we communicate with our spacecraft, we use radio waves for communication, 03:16.240 --> 03:22.560 and in a vacuum, these waves travel at the speed of light. Approximately 300,000 kms fast, 03:22.560 --> 03:28.480 I know. But actually, this poses quite a problem. The curiosity rover was sent out to Mars 03:28.480 --> 03:34.720 in 2011 now. Because of these huge distances, it takes around 12 minutes or so to get any 03:34.720 --> 03:40.120 information from Mars to Earth, and then 12 more minutes to send the information back. 03:40.120 --> 03:44.920 Now this time, varies a little due to the orbits, but can you see the problem? So if we had 03:44.920 --> 03:49.960 a basic robot, it would do, as you say. You would tell it to travel over to that rock, 03:49.960 --> 03:54.400 you thought was interesting, and then you would receive pictures of it. But that's just 03:54.400 --> 03:58.480 taken 12 minutes, and the photos they're not great, you expected something else, something 03:58.480 --> 04:03.600 a little better. So you tell it to travel to another rock, and there goes another 12 minutes. 04:03.600 --> 04:08.160 But what if we told Curiosity what we were looking for, wouldn't this make things easier? 04:08.160 --> 04:12.680 The rover could just send data back, and we could analyze it accordingly. Well, this is 04:12.680 --> 04:18.360 exactly what they did in 2016, after Curiosity's initial mission. The engineers and scientists 04:18.360 --> 04:23.360 upgraded its AI system, and it was able to do just this. You might be thinking that this 04:23.360 --> 04:28.040 is all code and algorithms, it's just the computer scientists working on this, and 04:28.040 --> 04:34.520 yeah, they do play a big part. But what if the Curiosity rover fell on its side? Seriously, 04:34.520 --> 04:40.040 what would you do 35 million miles away? Usefulness of AI? What if you're going to write some sort 04:40.040 --> 04:46.120 of code to flip it over? Please. So, don't be disheartened that AI is coming in and doing 04:46.120 --> 04:51.040 things for us. There's a tremendous amount of work to be done still. It's a lot more 04:51.040 --> 04:55.920 than just Netflix recommendations. It's about reversing the effects of climate change, stopping 04:55.920 --> 05:00.720 tsunamis from their devastating effects, or even performing open heart surgery, AI, and 05:00.720 --> 05:04.400 robotics can help with a lot of this, and we are nowhere near finish it, there is so much 05:04.400 --> 05:05.080 more to do.